Yet it is far from guaranteed that such a rate of expansion will continue — or ever be repeated.

Senior politicians from the Law and Justice Party (PiS), which won a majority in the Polish parliament in October, are openly hostile to wind energy and some want to push through zoning rules that could choke off development.

At the same time, a drastic slowdown is expected this year and next due to a prolonged transition to a new tender-based support system — a scheme that could, in the long run, produce the stable long-term renewables expansion the country needs to meet its EU emissions targets.

“Poland