In 2007 and 2008 Canadian Solar signed two 10-year wafer supply contracts with LDK, one of the world’s biggest producers, at a time when the PV business was booming and many downstream manufacturers deemed it necessary to lock themselves into long-term arrangements.

By 2010, however, the winds had started changing, and Canadian Solar attempted to wriggle out of the deals – while also clawing back a 60m yuan ($9.6m)