Following a unanimous vote by the California Public Utilities Commission, the state’s three major investor-owned utilities – Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas & Electric – will be required to begin designing time-of-use (TOU) pilot schemes, which must go into effect across the state by 2019.

In effect, homeowners increasingly will be charged more for electricity at times of peak demand – typically in mid-afternoon – and less when demand is softer, leading to more uniform demand throughout the day.

Over