However, differences between front-runner countries and laggards in green energies as to how fast the renewables transition should take place and which technologies it should employ surfaced at the Berlin Energy Transition Dialogue, which attracted more than 900 participants from 50 countries, among them ministers and energy sector executives.

German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who called his country's transition from nuclear and fossil fuel to renewables "Germany's 'man to the moon' project", said that in a world of intensifying international crises, the supply of raw materials is increasingly threatened.