Swedish utility Vattenfall has taken a final investment decision for the 1.5GW Hollandse Kust South project, which will be the world’s largest wind complex at sea when operational in 2023.

Vattenfall had been awarded Hollandse Kust South 1&2 in 2018, and the adjacent Hollandse Kust South 3&4 in 2019 – each time in subsidy-free tenders, with the utility then dovetailing the two developments into one to optimise the combined project economics.