Turbine size has little impact on bird and bat deaths at wind farms, with location and energy production more significant factors, according to what is said to be a first-of-a-kind study by a US government agency on the potential impact of repowering.

The US Geological Survey (USGS) claimed research it carried out using data on mortality around wind developments in California is the first to incorporate turbine operations, rather than just size and location, into assessments of wildlife impact.