All the major utilities in Europe have pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050 — as signatories to Eurelectric’s Vision of the European Electricity Industry document — but few are saying how they plan to achieve this goal.

Here, ESB is more advanced than most. At the end of last year, the Irish state-owned utility published an in-depth study of how Ireland can meet its political goal of an 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels).