The strain of managing a massive shift to green energy amid the pressures of inflation and war were on display in Europe this week, where governments faced up to multi-billion-euro price tags attached to some of the continent’s biggest utilities.

In Germany, the fate of Uniper – the nation’s biggest gas importer and would-be green player that’s now being squeezed by Russia – and a possible giant bailout is the subject of discussion at the top of the Berlin government and that of Finland, whose state-controlled energy group Fortum is Uniper’s owner.