Under an “optimised growth scenario” in whichthe country’s offshore wind capacity is boosted to 54GW by 2050, so called“flexibility costs” would be far cheaper than in scenarios with a higher shareof onshore wind or PV, the study by the Fraunhofer IWES institute finds.
Those costs arise from backing uprenewable power with storage capacity, as well as from the curtailment ofelectricity output.
