However, due to surcharges imposed on ratepayers’ electric bills to help cover the lost revenue, actual monetary losses were considerably less for wind farm developers.

Power regulatory authority Aneel blames the transmission shortfalls on federal power company Chesf, which is responsible for grid connections, and has imposed fines totaling R$11m.

Aneel wants Chesf, not ratepayers, to compensate the developers but the attorney general’s office has sat on the case since the end of 2012.

The case is still under review, a spokesperson at the attorney general's office told Recharge.