The Spanish utility giant will pay Gardline and GEO a total of €18m ($22m) to carry out the survey work at the 34 sq km site of the 80-turbine development in the German Baltic.

The companies will use specially-designed vessels to take stratigraphic samples of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, requiring 63-metre boreholes to be drilled.

They will also conduct seismic surveys using sound waves to determine the structure of the terrain, says Iberdrola.

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