Oliver Schäfer, the president of the influential European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) dropped his bomb at the SNEC solar conference in Shanghai in late April — breaking his organisation’s previous neutrality and calling for an end to the EU’s anti-dumping and countervailing duties on Chinese PV kit and minimum import prices (MIPs).

The aftershock came two days later. At a press conference in Brussels, EU ProSun, a lobby group for Europe’s dwindling number of PV manufacturers, accused China’s PV industry of widespread fraud — bypassing the duties by importing equipment from Malaysia and Taiwan.