The report finds the potential for huge benefits – both economic and environmental – if China spurs its domestic cellulosic-ethanol industry, which produces a clean-burning biofuel from agricultural and industrial waste products.

“By converting agricultural residues into fuel ethanol, China can reduce its gasoline consumption by 31 million tonnes in 2020,” says Novozymes chief executive Steen Riisgaard.

“By doing that, China will abate about 90 million tonnes of CO2 emissions.